cell-biology
Oxidative Stress
Definition
Oxidative stress is a condition arising from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and the capacity of cellular antioxidant defense systems to neutralize them. Excessive ROS damage DNA, proteins, and lipid membranes, contributing to cellular dysfunction, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and accelerated aging. Endogenous antioxidant defenses include glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Several research peptides including glutathione, MOTS-c, and SS-31 have been studied for their roles in mitigating oxidative damage.