cell-biology
Signal Transduction
Definition
Signal transduction is the process by which an extracellular signal (such as a peptide binding to its receptor) is converted into a cellular response through a cascade of intracellular molecular events. Common signaling pathways in peptide research include the cAMP/PKA pathway (activated by GLP-1 and GHRH agonists), the MAPK/ERK pathway (involved in growth factor signaling), and the JAK/STAT pathway (relevant to immunomodulatory peptides).