Insulin Resistance
Definition
Insulin resistance is a condition in which cells in muscle, fat, and liver respond poorly to insulin signaling, impairing glucose uptake and leading to compensatory hyperinsulinemia. It is a central feature of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Several research peptides address metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance — GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide) improve insulin sensitivity, and MOTS-c activates AMPK to enhance glucose metabolism.
Related Terms
Related Compounds
Semaglutide
An in-depth review of Semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, covering its mechanism of action, albumin-binding pharmacokinetics, and research applications in metabolic health, weight management, and cardiovascular outcomes.
Read monographTirzepatide
An in-depth review of Tirzepatide, the first dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist ('twincretin'), examining its mechanism of action, superior glycemic and weight loss efficacy, and research applications in metabolic health.
Read monographMOTS-c
An in-depth review of MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 12S rRNA gene, examining its role in AMPK activation, exercise mimicry, glucose metabolism, pharmacokinetics, safety, and aging research.
Read monographRelated Studies
Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging
Wan W, Zhang L, Chen Y, et al. · Journal of Translational Medicine (2023)
MOTS-c and Exercise Restore Cardiac Function by Activating of NRG1-ErbB Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats
Li S, Lu H, Lu J, et al. · Frontiers in Endocrinology (2022)
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. · New England Journal of Medicine (2022)
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. · New England Journal of Medicine (2021)