research-methods
Biomarker
Definition
A biomarker is a measurable biological indicator used to assess physiological states, disease processes, or pharmacological responses. In peptide research, common biomarkers include serum IGF-1 levels (for growth hormone secretagogue activity), HbA1c (for metabolic peptide efficacy), BDNF levels (for neuroprotective peptides), and telomere length (for anti-aging research). Biomarkers enable objective quantification of peptide effects in both preclinical and clinical studies.